Burner – This is where the gas is burnt to produce the heat.

Heat Exchangers – The heat exchanger is used to convert one type of heat into another. For example water is converted into air (mostly in industrial furnaces) or air is converted into warm air and gas is converted to warm air (in the domestic furnace)

Circulation blower or Ventilator – This is used to circulate the warm air. The blower can either force the hot air out but here the air is only forced in one direction. This is mostly an industrial furnace. In another type of blower the warm air is evenly distributed throughout the room. This is the type of furnace that is used for domestic purposes.

Ductwork – All furnaces have ductwork. It is a metal sheet which is rectangular in shape that works as a channel of hot air distribution. The warm air that is generated flows through the ducts and enters the room though the ventilator. The ducts need to be cleaned on a regular basis as dust gets accumulated in it. If not cleaned regularly the warm air movement becomes restrained.

Air Filter: The air filter is an important part of the furnace. It traps all the impurities and keeps them from being circulated in the house. The air filter needs to be cleaned on a regular basis as all the dust particles are accumulated here. If not cleaned then they become useless.

Apart from the above mentioned parts the gas furnace is also made up of safety parts and control parts. All the components are enclosed in a metal case. The electronic ignition system directly connected to the main gas supply. The gas furnace draws heat from the heat exchanger and warms it with the help of a flame that is produced by the natural gas. The blower then sends the hot air through the metal ducts which in turn blows the hot air in the room through the grills of the furnace to heats up the room. The basic process here is that the furnace pulls in the air in the room and then throws out the warm air.

There are 3 types of gas furnaces:

1. Conventional air Furnace
2. Induced draft furnace and
3. Condensing furnace

The conventional furnace is said to be the least efficient type of furnace. It has a standing pilot (a flame which is lit at all times). Once the flame goes out the furnace does not function. Hence, it is said be an inefficient type of furnace. The Induced draft furnace uses electronic ignition for lighting the furnace. A small fan is used to draw the gases to the fuel for it to operate. The condensing furnace is said to be the most efficient. It uses the heat exchanger and the fuel is cooled to the point of water condensation. In this process the furnace extracts more heat from the combustion process. The efficiency of the furnace is measured in AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency)

The most possible reasons for a furnace to not to work can be: The thermostat is set too low and hence heat is not generated; the fuse controls the furnaces has tripped; the valve through which the gas is passed through is blocked or closed; the gas burners and the air filters may be blocked; the blower motor is not functioning; motor belt needs oiling etc.

For a gas burner to function properly the following specifications need to be followed: The AFUE should have a rating of 90%; the humidity and temperature controls should be present; the standing pilot ignition system should be avoided; the blowers should be of four-five speed and most importantly the size of the furnace needs to be according to the size of the room. For if the furnace is too small or large for a room then it will not be comfortable to the user.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6560639

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